I'm going to partially answer my own question. After a lot of research, I found this site:
http://www.scscertified.com/products/index.phpThey certify many different types of flooring products according to different indoor air quality programs (FloorScore, Indoor Advantage Gold, CARB). Those certifications indicate low/no VOC emissions, etc.
The link above allows you to search their product certification database.
I'd still be interested if anyone has a recommendation/opinion on the performance of a particular "green" underlayment/vapor barrier.
Thanks,
Jack