Squeak eliminated!
Since the subfloor sheathing proved to be tongue-and-groove, I had to cut along the joists and across the center (the fact that I had driven in several flooring nails didn't help either!).
Once I removed the subfloor, I immediately noticed that the squeak persisted. The cause became obvious.
The framing around the ductwork down below, running perpendicular to the joists, was formed from 2x2s. The 2x2 directly below the joist was separated by about an inch. A 16d nail through the bottom of the 2x2 into the joist barely penetrated. Obviously, stepping on the joist worked this nail up and down from underneath!
I used bolt cutters to cut the nail in two. The nail was so loose that its point simply fell out of the joist; instantly the squeaking stopped. Hallelujah!
I installed three-inch screws through the joist and adjacent joists into the 2x2 framing to hold it in place and prevent future squeaks. I then built framing to reinstall the subfloor panels.
The wood flooring installation is well underway. Again, thanks for your help!