There is a special attachment that plugs into a moisture meter that has long prongs. The attachment has a driving weight that slides along a rod so it can force the inch and a half prongs through the finished floor and reads at the tip of the prongs using the right meter. Lignomat has a tool that plugs into a miniLigno C that will tell the moisture content up to 20%. Above 20% is not necessary to have an accurate measurement since wood can start to rot above 19% moisture content, unless you are using it for a kiln drying valuation. The sub-floor measuring device does leave a couple of small holes, but saves taking up the finished floor. The holes will need to have putty to cover. I think other companies also have a device that can be driven into the sub-floor. You may be able to measure the sub-floor moisture if you can get at it from below, maybe crawl space or through the finished ceiling below.
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