I recently pulled up the carpet in my living room and son's bedroom to expose hardwood floors. There wasnt any poly or sealer on the harwood. They have slight wear on them. Am I able to put some poly over them to protect them until I have the time and money to refinish them? If so what is the best type to use? I am not sure of the type of floor. I believe they are oak or maple.

Sure you can. Buy the cheapest DIY product you can find. It will be easier to sand off when the time comes.