We would use Glitsa Wood Flour Cement mixed with fine dust from the floor we are sanding.
If the planks move when you step on them any filler will eventually pop out. If your flooring is nailed so the planks are not moving much there is a chance the filler may stay in place.
We installed this reclaimed antique heart pine floor (with no tongue and groove) glued directly to the slab. Some of the gaps were ¼” wide and we filled them with wood flour cement and dust from the edger. In this case the filler will stay in place because the flooring is glued and does not move much.
You can see the filler in the gaps between the two planks near the bottom of the photo. This filler takes stain really good and also looks good with a natural finish.
We fill before the last pass with the belt sander.