Odds are you have some form of polyurethane floor finish. To clean and maintain the floors, read this:
http://www.hardwoodinstaller.com/hardwo ... orcare.htm
Also, I suspect the dark stains you are seeing are not stains at all but are the original color of the floor and the lighter areas are where the floor has been exposed to light. This will cause the floor to lighten up over time. It is common for floors to have outlines of furniture and rugs. The best remedy is to move things around to allow the floors to receive the same amount of light exposure. If you do not want to wait floor the floors to eventually even out (it could take 6 months or more), then your only recourse is to refinish all the floors. Spot sanding and restaining areas will not work.