I have two places under the cabinets I need to install a 3" x 3/8" x ~3’ walnut hardwood plank. I’ve been stapling to this point and don’t want to buy a 2 gallon bucket of adhesive for two pieces. I found a tube of 30oz Bostik Best Adhesive - 30oz Cartridge on the internet, which should work, but I’d rather not wait for it to get here. I was wondering if I could just use regular carpenters glue or maybe gorilla glue?

NADA on the carpenters glue. It's water based and will warp the wood. Gorilla glue is major expensive and very slow setting. Go buy some Liquid Nails if you can't wait for the BB to show up. It will work for under the cabs.

Also, use polyurethane glues, such as Gorilla glue, sparingly on pre-finished products because they will swell and "puff" out of the seams leaving an ugly mess.