I am an installer in Tennessee and I have been asked to do some bamboo in a home built in the thirties. The floor that is there now is tongue and groove pine with nothing under it and there is a basement below(I am assuming that it was the cole storage back in the day) My question is of course what is the best method, and if I nailed it down would the expansion and contraction of the pine floor cause failure later down the line?

If you can help me I would greatly appreciate it.

You should install a layer of 3/8" minimum CDX grade plywood over that old pine floor UNLESS you lay the new bamboo flooring at 45 or 90 degree angles to that old pine subfloor. You still need to make sure your subfloor is FLAT.

Thanks Gary , I was considering turning the wood 90 degrees from the pine.
The only reason I haven't considered putting underlayment down first is the room is half kitchen and half dining and the woman doesn't want to build the floor up any more than possible.